What is the primary function of an endotracheal tube (ETT) in mechanical ventilation?

The primary function of an endotracheal tube (ETT) in mechanical ventilation is to establish a secure airway for ventilation. This is essential because an intact and patent airway allows for the proper delivery of breaths from the ventilator to the patient's lungs. The ETT is inserted into the trachea and helps ensure that air can flow freely, bypassing any obstructions that might be present in the upper airway.

This secure airway not only facilitates the effective exchange of gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) but also protects the airway from aspiration of secretions and other materials. The ETT is also designed to allow for positive pressure ventilation, which is crucial for patients who are unable to breathe effectively on their own.

While the other options touch on important aspects of respiratory care, they do not serve as the primary function of the ETT. Medications delivered through an ETT (which is one possible use) do not define its main purpose; monitoring oxygen saturation is a separate task typically performed with pulse oximetry and would not emphasize the mechanical ventilation process. Humidification is a supportive treatment that can be used during mechanical ventilation to ensure that the air delivered to the lungs maintains appropriate moisture levels but again, does not define the core function