What is a primary risk associated with prolonged mechanical ventilation?

Prolonged mechanical ventilation is associated with a number of risks, with ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) being one of the most significant. This infection arises due to the insertion of an endotracheal tube or tracheostomy, which bypasses the body's natural defenses and allows for the potential colonization of pathogens in the lower respiratory tract. The longer a patient remains on mechanical ventilation, the greater the risk of developing VAP, as the presence of the artificial airway can lead to aspiration of secretions, impaired mucociliary function, and changes in pulmonary clearance mechanisms.

Additionally, the process of mechanical ventilation itself can contribute to barotrauma, oxygen toxicity, and other complications, but VAP stands out as a prominent risk that can complicate a patient’s overall condition, lead to extended hospital stays, and increase mortality rates when present. Thus, understanding the implications of prolonged mechanical ventilation is crucial for managing patients effectively and mitigating these risks.