What complication can result from high tidal volume settings during mechanical ventilation?

High tidal volume settings during mechanical ventilation can lead to barotrauma, which is an injury to the lung tissues caused by excessive pressure. When tidal volumes are set too high, there is a risk of over-distending the alveoli, leading to rupture or damage. This rupture can cause air to escape into the surrounding tissues or the pleural space, resulting in conditions such as pneumothorax. It is crucial to carefully select tidal volumes to prevent this complication, particularly in patients with pre-existing lung conditions or compromised lung function.

The other options, while relevant to mechanical ventilation in different contexts, are not direct consequences of high tidal volume settings. Hypotension can occur for various reasons related to fluid management or medication, but it isn't a direct result of high tidal volumes. Electrolyte imbalances may arise from other factors in a critically ill patient but are not specifically linked to tidal volume settings. Decreased lung volume may occur due to a variety of reasons including atelectasis or ineffective ventilatory strategy rather than being a direct effect of excessively high tidal volumes.