What can occur as a result of using 100% oxygen for extended periods?

Using 100% oxygen for extended periods can lead to oxygen toxicity and atelectasis, which is the correct answer. When high concentrations of oxygen are administered, especially beyond what the body needs for normal metabolism, it can produce toxic effects in the lungs and central nervous system.

Oxygen toxicity primarily affects the lungs due to the high partial pressures of oxygen. This can lead to inflammation and damage to the alveolar-capillary membrane, resulting in symptoms such as cough, chest pain, and in severe cases, pulmonary edema. Prolonged exposure can also compromise the ability of the alveoli to remain open, leading to atelectasis, where sections of the lung collapse due to the inability to maintain adequate gas exchange.

In contrast, while hypoxia, respiratory acidosis, or oxygen depletion might seem plausible effects of oxygen therapy, they are not directly caused by prolonged use of 100% oxygen. Hypoxia refers to a deficiency in the amount of oxygen reaching the tissues, which contradicts the purpose of administering oxygen. Respiratory acidosis often results from carbon dioxide retention or inadequate ventilation rather than high oxygen levels. Oxygen depletion is not a direct consequence of 100% oxygen use; rather, it usually refers to a decrease in the available oxygen supply