What can high plateau pressure indicate during mechanical ventilation?

High plateau pressure during mechanical ventilation is an important indicator of potential lung overdistension. Plateau pressure reflects the pressure in the airways when there is no air flow, typically measured during a brief pause at the end of inspiration. Elevated plateau pressures can suggest that the lungs are experiencing increased resistance or decreased compliance, often due to conditions such as pulmonary edema, restrictive lung disease, or even over-inflation from mechanical ventilation itself.

When these pressures rise, it can be a sign that the lung volumes are approaching or exceeding the safe limits, leading to overdistension. Overdistension can cause barotrauma or volutrauma, damaging the alveolar structures and leading to further complications. Therefore, monitoring plateau pressures is critical in managing mechanical ventilation to ensure patient safety and optimal lung mechanics.