What are potential consequences of low lung compliance in a ventilated patient?

Low lung compliance in a ventilated patient refers to a decreased ability of the lungs to expand when air is introduced. This condition can significantly impact the mechanics of ventilation and patient management. When lung compliance is low, higher airway pressures are required to deliver adequate tidal volumes. This is due to the stiff nature of the lungs, which resist expansion.

The elevation in airway pressures can lead to an increased risk of barotrauma, which is injury to the lung tissue caused by excessive pressure. Barotrauma can manifest as pneumothorax (air leaks into the chest cavity) or other alveolar injuries. The mechanics of ventilation become compromised, and clinicians must be vigilant to avoid damaging the lung tissue while still attempting to provide sufficient respiratory support.

In contrast, the other options provided do not accurately reflect the consequences of low lung compliance. Lower airway pressures do not occur in this situation; instead, they are typically elevated. The risk of ventilator-associated complications tends to increase with low compliance due to the mechanical stresses on the lungs and the potential for further complications. Lastly, gas exchange efficiency generally decreases with low lung compliance because the stiff lungs may not ventilate well, impairing oxygenation and carbon dioxide removal.