Describe the role of capnography in mechanical ventilation.

Capnography plays a crucial role in mechanical ventilation by providing real-time assessment of ventilation and metabolism. This technology measures the concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) in exhaled air, specifically focusing on end-tidal CO2, which is the amount of CO2 present at the end of expiration.

This measurement is invaluable for clinicians as it reflects how well the patient is ventilating and how effectively CO2 is being eliminated from the body. Elevated levels of end-tidal CO2 can indicate hypoventilation, while low levels can suggest hyperventilation. By monitoring these changes, healthcare providers can adjust ventilator settings accordingly to optimize the patient's respiratory status and metabolic function.

In contrast to the other options, which do not accurately describe the role of capnography: measuring end-tidal carbon monoxide is incorrect since capnography specifically focuses on CO2, not carbon monoxide. Evaluating lung compliance and resistance involves different assessments, typically through spirometry or other lung function tests rather than capnography. Monitoring blood pressure and heart rate are vital components of patient management and can be done through other monitoring techniques, but they fall outside the scope of what capnography provides.